Quantum Machine Learning
The world is filled with examples of things that people are good at, but computers can't quite be programmed to do. Even For exapmple, telling the difference between a cat and a dog by looking at a picture is an easy task for humans, but almost impossible to design algorithms for.
Machine learning seeks to fill this gap in our computational abilities, by gathering as many examples of the desired behaviour as possible, and searching an immense computational space for a mathematical function which will mimic that behaviour. For many commercial applications, this requires a large amount of computing power.