Fault tolerance
In order to ensure that our quantum bits remain protected, we have to perform error-detecting measurements very frequently. However, the circuits we use to perform these measurements, if poorly designed, may introduce more errors than the code can correct. Designing circuits which perform fault-tolerant quantum error correction is a cutting-edge field of research, and in this video, we will focus on the surface code, the favoured candidate for near-term quantum error correction. This discussion concludes with the introduction of the fault-tolerant threshold, the physical error rate which must be reached in order for quantum error correction to be effective.